Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Somayyeh Kheiri; Alameh Babajani
Abstract
Background and aim: This study was performed to identify the anatomical responses of lemon balm to zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO).Methods: This experimental laboratory study was done at the concentrations of 100 and 300 mg/L of nZnO.Results: The microscopic observation showed that the nZnO300 had the ...
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Background and aim: This study was performed to identify the anatomical responses of lemon balm to zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO).Methods: This experimental laboratory study was done at the concentrations of 100 and 300 mg/L of nZnO.Results: The microscopic observation showed that the nZnO300 had the largest diameter of the central cylinder and the diameter of xylem and phloem in the root compared to the control. The study of stem cross-section revealed that the highest stem diameter was observed in response to the nZnO100 group. The maximum thickness of collenchyma and the highest diameter of the central cylinder and the diameter of phloem and xylem were also recorded in the nZnO100 group. Comparing the leaf cross-sections indicated that the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, the diameter of the xylem, and the thickness of the spongy parenchyma in the nZnO100 group were significantly increased relative to the control. A comparison of petiole cross-sections showed that the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis and the diameter of the central/lateral phloem and xylem in all nZnO-treated seedlings were significantly reduced compared to the control.Conclusion: This study provided anatomical evidence that indicates fundamental changes in the fate of cell differentiation and tissue formation in response to nZnO. Future research is needed to link physiological, molecular, and anatomical evidence to accurately understand the impact of nanoproducts on the entire life of plants, especially crops and medicines.
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Somayyeh Kheiri; Alameh Babajani
Abstract
Background and aim: This study was performed to identify the anatomical responses of lemon balm to selenium nanoparticles (nSe).Methods: This experimental laboratory study was done at the concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L of nSe.Results: Plants were treated with nano-selenium (nSe; 0, 10 and 50 mg/l) ...
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Background and aim: This study was performed to identify the anatomical responses of lemon balm to selenium nanoparticles (nSe).Methods: This experimental laboratory study was done at the concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L of nSe.Results: Plants were treated with nano-selenium (nSe; 0, 10 and 50 mg/l) and bulk selenium (BSe). The results of this study indicated that nano selenium had a positive and beneficial effect at a concentration of 10, but a concentration of 50 induced toxicity. The microscopic assessment of stem cross-sections showed that the diameter of the central cylinder was increased compared to the control. The highest increase was related to the seedlings exposed to the 50 and 10 mg/l. Stem thickness and diameter in the nSe-treated seedlings at 50 mg/l and bulk at 10 mg/l were increased compared to the control. Xylem diameter decreased in response to the supplements, the lowest belongs to the nSe50. Monitoring the leaf cross-sections showed that nSe10 increased the thickness of xylem diameter, palisade, and sponge parenchyma compared to the control. A comparison of petiole cross-sections indicated that the thickness of the epidermis and the diameter of the central and lateral xylem were changed. While 50 mg/l nSe declined these traits.Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the application of applied concentration-dependent selenium, in addition to inducing physiological and molecular changes, causes anatomical changes and tissue differentiation. Further research is needed in the future to determine the mechanism of these responses.
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Alireza Iranbakhsh; Marjan Assefi
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Leila Zarandi-Miandoab
Abstract
Ascorbic Acid (AsA) is a powerful antioxidant, vitamin, and enzyme cofactor that has significant effects on plant's growth and development. A study was performed to investigate the effects of AsA on the formation and growth of adventitious roots in cuttings of Tradescantia fluminensis. The plants were ...
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Ascorbic Acid (AsA) is a powerful antioxidant, vitamin, and enzyme cofactor that has significant effects on plant's growth and development. A study was performed to investigate the effects of AsA on the formation and growth of adventitious roots in cuttings of Tradescantia fluminensis. The plants were treated by two levels of AsA (0, and 0.5 mM). Lengths and numbers of adventitious roots, free amino acid content, hydrogen peroxide content, ascorbate-peroxidase activity, and AsA/ Dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio were measured. Application of 0.5 mM AsA reduced the number of adventitious roots but did not affect the lengths of adventitious roots. Supplemental AsA leads to the reduction of free amino acids and hydrogen peroxide contents, and AsA/DHA ratio in comparison to control plants. The activity of ascorbate-peroxidase was increased under AsA application. The addition of AsA to the rooting medium delayed the formation time of adventitious roots in T. fluminensis. The results suggest that the differentiation of parenchymal cells into tracheids during the use of AsA delays because the H2O2 and amino acids are required for lignification of secondary cell walls. We assumed that increasing the activity of APX results in AsA/DHA ratio reduction by the addition of AsA to the rooting medium.
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Leila Zarandi-Miandoab; Zahra Oraghi Ardebili
Abstract
To gain insight into metal-based nanomaterials, this study figured out the physiological and molecular behaviors of Melissa officinalis to supplementation of nutrient solution with red nano elemental selenium (nSe; 0, 10, and 50 mgl-1) or bulk Se (BSe). The nSe10 application led to drastic increases ...
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To gain insight into metal-based nanomaterials, this study figured out the physiological and molecular behaviors of Melissa officinalis to supplementation of nutrient solution with red nano elemental selenium (nSe; 0, 10, and 50 mgl-1) or bulk Se (BSe). The nSe10 application led to drastic increases in root and shoot fresh weights, and chlorophyll content. While, the nSe at 50 mgl-1 exhibited severe phyotoxicity. Also, nSe10 enhanced uptake and accumulation of Ca and Mg in both leaf and root, contrasted to the nSe50-treated plants. The applied supplements modified phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, concentrations of flavonids, glutathione, and proline. Moreover, these supplements in the dose and type-dependent manners changed the activities of catalase. Furthermore, the applied treatments up-regulated the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Coumarate: CoA-ligase (4CL) genes. The comparative physiological and molecular evidence on phytotoxicity and potential advantages of nSe and its bulk counterpart was provided as a theoretical basis for exploiting in food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries.
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Nazila Bagheri; Bahram Maleki; Ali Ammarellou
Volume 1, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Myrtus communis L. is a perennial and aromatic herb with numerous medicinal properties. Myrtus communis L is a medicinal plant that is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world. Propagation of this plant with cuttings or seeding is associated with particular difficulties. ...
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Introduction and Aim: Myrtus communis L. is a perennial and aromatic herb with numerous medicinal properties. Myrtus communis L is a medicinal plant that is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world. Propagation of this plant with cuttings or seeding is associated with particular difficulties. The long seed dormancy period and the production of small and weak seedlings are the disadvantages of seed propagation. The optimization of in vitro tissue culture to facilitate the extraction of the component of this plant is important. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the callus induction rate and callus initiation of Myrtus communis L. in different hormones. Methods: This experiment required a large number of germinated seeds of Myrtus communis L. in a Murashic-Scug (MS) medium. The seeds began to germinate after 20 days. Then, germinated seeds were divided into three studied explants: shoot explants, root explants, and leaf explants in MS medium containing 2,4-D. After 7 days, the callus production was recognized. The explants then were used to evaluate the regeneration rate of Myrtus communis L. in the MS medium containing growth regulators kinetin, BAP, TDZ, and combining the two hormones (BAP+TDZ) at four levels (0-1-2-3) mgl-1. Results: The results of this study showed the highest callus regeneration rate and callus growth rate were obtained from the leaf explants. Kentin hormone was the least effective hormone for regeneration of Myrtus communis L. and TDZ hormone had a greater effect than Kentin and BAP hormones. Additionally, the combination of 1.5 mgl-1 BAP with 1.5 mgl-1 TDZ, produced the highest callus regeneration in leaf explants. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the regeneration of Myrtus communis L. is feasible through the application of leaf explants and a combination of BAP+TDZ hormones.
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Hossein Pasalari; Javad Karimi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 27-34
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Low frequency of transformation and, more importantly, the occurrence of soma clonal variation at very high rates have considered disadvantages of Potato In vitro culture. Two Phytohormones, auxins (NAA, 2, 4-D), and cytokines (BAP, ZR) with concentrations were used to develop an ...
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Introduction and Aim: Low frequency of transformation and, more importantly, the occurrence of soma clonal variation at very high rates have considered disadvantages of Potato In vitro culture. Two Phytohormones, auxins (NAA, 2, 4-D), and cytokines (BAP, ZR) with concentrations were used to develop an efficient regeneration protocol for three genotypes of Potato. Methods: The explants cultured on MS-medium supplemented with BAP 1 mg.l-1; NAA 0.1 mg.l-1; BAP 2 mg.l-1; NAA 0.2 mg.l-1; BAP 3 mg.l-1; NAA 0.3 mg.l-1; ZR 1 mg.l-1; 2.4-D 0.1 mg.l-1; ZR 2 mg.l-1; 2.4-D 0.2 mg.l-1; ZR 3 mg.l-1; 2.4-D 0.3 mg.l-1. Results:The results showed that the highest percentage and number of root formation and shoot regeneration obtained in the medium included BAP 3 mg.l-1; NAA 0.3 mg.l-1 or ZR 3 mg.l-1; 2.4-D 0.3 mg.l-1 respectively. In this study, 0.3 mg.l-1 of both NAA and 2, 4-D were able to induce the most effective root regeneration. Conclusion: The three potato genotypes were statistically different in their leaf regeneration efficiency. The Odyssey genotype showed a weak response to leaf regeneration.
Plant Cell Culture and Tissue
Roozbeh Fallahi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2020, , Pages 45-51
Abstract
The cell cultures, especially primary cultures, are widely used in the isolation and identification of viruses. Viruses are one of the most important causes of disease and can cause enormous economic damage. Also, they are used in basic research in cell physiology, genetics, and many other items. Primary ...
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The cell cultures, especially primary cultures, are widely used in the isolation and identification of viruses. Viruses are one of the most important causes of disease and can cause enormous economic damage. Also, they are used in basic research in cell physiology, genetics, and many other items. Primary cell cultures are also used in chromosomal research on karyotypes, morphology, and abnormal states of chromosomes. Primary cell culture preparation, such as bees that have not yet been derived from the cell line, is widely used in the isolation and identification of viruses. In the field of honey bee cell culture, the research in most countries is more limited than other insects but in recent years, good results have been achieved in this field. There are some good results about the larval and pupal stages of the honey bee primary culture in Iran. Since there are some reports about the influence of honey bee in viral investigation in Iran, this article introduces methods of bee cell culture preparation and the results obtained in Iran and other countries that can use to isolate viruses and study them when necessary.
