نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• الناز نوشادی راد ¹
• کاظم پریور ²
• سعید متصدی رزندی ³
• پژمان مرتضوی ⁴
• بتول قربانی یکتا ⁵

¹ گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران ایران

² گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

³ گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی عمومی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی تهران ایران

⁴ گروه پاتوبیولوژی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

⁵ گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

Introduction and Aim: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of air pollutants and is composed of a mixture of liquid droplets or solid particles which are suspended in the air with a diameter of 2.5µm (PM_2.5) or less. In this study, the co-exposure effect of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and gaseous pollutants was assessed on the expression of aquaporin-9, GATA-4, and GATA-6 in testicles of male rats at the gene and protein levels.
Materials and Methods: In this study, three experimental groups were assigned; the first group was exposed to gaseous pollutants along with PM_2.5 and was called the TM group; the second group included rats exposed to only gaseous pollutants and was called the TJ group. The control group received clean air without any pollutants or PMs and was called the TC group. The exposure time was five hours per day which started from 9:00 A.M to 14:00 P.M for four days per week. The process of time exposure lasted six months. The levels of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and PM_2.5 were routinely measured. The UV fluorescence method was utilized for the measurement of SO₂, NO₂, and O₃, while the beta- attenuation technique was employed for the analysis of PM_2.5.
Results:  The results demonstrated that the concentration of PM_2.5 in the exposed groups was significantly higher than the level recommended by the WHO, after six months, whereas the levels of SO₂, NO₂, and O₃ were significantly lower than the recommended levels. The order of increment in the levels of metals in PM_2.5 was Al> Ca>Mn>Cu> Cd> Na > Fe > Cr> Ni> Mn > Pb.
Conclusion: According to our findings, it is concluded that exposure to PM_2.5 could cause male infertility problems and must be considered a health concern for males.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• PM2.5 exposure
• GATA-4
• GATA-6
• Aquaporin-9

موضوعات

• بیوتکنولوژی

عنوان مقاله [English]

he effect of particulate matter (PM2.5) on the expression levels of GATA-4, GATA-6, and Aquaporin-9 genes in testes of rats

نویسندگان [English]

• Elnaz Noshadirad ¹
• kazem parivar ²
• Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi ³
• Pejman Mortazavi ⁴
• Batool Gorbani yekta ⁵

¹ Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

⁵ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction and Aim: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of air pollutants and is composed of a mixture of liquid droplets or solid particles which are suspended in the air with a diameter of 2.5µm (PM_2.5) or less. In this study, the co-exposure effect of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and gaseous pollutants was assessed on the expression of aquaporin-9, GATA-4, and GATA-6 in testicles of male rats at the gene and protein levels.
Materials and Methods: In this study, three experimental groups were assigned; the first group was exposed to gaseous pollutants along with PM_2.5 and was called the TM group; the second group included rats exposed to only gaseous pollutants and was called the TJ group. The control group received clean air without any pollutants or PMs and was called the TC group. The exposure time was five hours per day which started from 9:00 A.M to 14:00 P.M for four days per week. The process of time exposure lasted six months. The levels of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and PM_2.5 were routinely measured. The UV fluorescence method was utilized for the measurement of SO₂, NO₂, and O₃, while the beta- attenuation technique was employed for the analysis of PM_2.5.
Results:  The results demonstrated that the concentration of PM_2.5 in the exposed groups was significantly higher than the level recommended by the WHO, after six months, whereas the levels of SO₂, NO₂, and O₃ were significantly lower than the recommended levels. The order of increment in the levels of metals in PM_2.5 was Al> Ca>Mn>Cu> Cd> Na > Fe > Cr> Ni> Mn > Pb.
Conclusion: According to our findings, it is concluded that exposure to PM_2.5 could cause male infertility problems and must be considered a health concern for males.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• PM2.5 exposure
• GATA-4
• GATA-6
• Aquaporin-9